PLACEBO:
"A substance having no pharmalogical effect but given merely to satisfy a patient who suppose it to be a medicine". H. K. Beecher evaluated 15 clinical trials concerned with different diseasses and found that 35% of 1,082 patients were satisfactorily relieved by a placebo alone. He began studies to try and understand how something could be produced by nothing. "The reanaysis of Beechers data claims that the improvements were due to: Spontenous improvementetc. Making it very difficult to see whether it was due to the placeboor the natural improvement. The tyoes of problems that one gets from placebos is the fact that you never truly know wherether or not the placebos is the one that is making the difference or another problem is that placebos are fake medicine and sometimes their is a real d need for medicine and then thanks to the placeboks some people even die. I believe that Placebos are just like deception they mess up with your mind even after debriefing which is the most difficult part of the placebo takers. What i truly feel about the placebo is that they should be used for simple disease or diseases that are not in the long run going to kill you. In my mind they are not effective I think its true effectivness is the way people feel about their disease.
domingo, 28 de noviembre de 2010
miércoles, 3 de noviembre de 2010
ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
Alzheimers Disease
includes the partial or complete loss of memorystored in a humans body. To me this diseaseis one of the sadest disease one could posibly acquire.There is no cure except a pill you can take that will help the loss of memory decrease. This disease basically creates a new person they slowly start to become another person not remembering whether you were there child, husband or simply someone from the streets. I find it completely strange h
ow one person with this disease changes so quickly how a person can respond to you, because generally people with alzheimers disease tend to be rude because they loose the sense of morals they have no idea whetherwhattheyare saying is someting rude or not. To me this disease is horrendous becuase the person who has the diseasse besides not knowing that they cant recall things(in some cases). they start to change quickly they will never understand something or be able to learn something new, it is quite strange to think about it. Because they change so quickly they startbecoming like babies again and they require so much attention b
ecause they have no idea about danger, so there is so much that these people need regarding care and attention that it is quite disturbing and to a point were we start to feel pitty towards them.
ow one person with this disease changes so quickly how a person can respond to you, because generally people with alzheimers disease tend to be rude because they loose the sense of morals they have no idea whetherwhattheyare saying is someting rude or not. To me this disease is horrendous becuase the person who has the diseasse besides not knowing that they cant recall things(in some cases). they start to change quickly they will never understand something or be able to learn something new, it is quite strange to think about it. Because they change so quickly they startbecoming like babies again and they require so much attention b
ecause they have no idea about danger, so there is so much that these people need regarding care and attention that it is quite disturbing and to a point were we start to feel pitty towards them.DIFFERENCES
Gender Difference
Gender difference, scientits did in fact figureout that gender does play an important part in our memory, especially in the episodic memory. Women had an advantage they can remember words, task and names. But men did outpower women in unverbal things and visioupatial information. Although women still beat the men in remebering like where the keys are and this requires both visioupatial and episodic memory. In conclusion women have a better memory, like when they are remembering a face they can recall better those of a female than of a male. always remembering that education and background play a huge role in the memory.
Cultural Difference,
Studied by psychologists of chilhood amnesia or amnesia that all children have is determined mainly becuase of their background. It is caused mainly becuase of their background meaning that they learn more about their memor y from earlier stages due to their culture. Culture plays a huge role becuause it determinses the way in which parent behave towards their children whether it is in a personal way or not. The eventuality of us remembering an event is due to the way in which our parents and children talk about what happened and the ways in which children encode the information. This ties up to culture because in Asia parents have low talkative way with their children than the Americans and then the Maori which is highly based on culture then have a high talkative thing with their children causing cultural differences in the way that we have learned what happened to us during the child amnesia state in our bodies.
Gender difference, scientits did in fact figureout that gender does play an important part in our memory, especially in the episodic memory. Women had an advantage they can remember words, task and names. But men did outpower women in unverbal things and visioupatial information. Although women still beat the men in remebering like where the keys are and this requires both visioupatial and episodic memory. In conclusion women have a better memory, like when they are remembering a face they can recall better those of a female than of a male. always remembering that education and background play a huge role in the memory.
Cultural Difference,
Studied by psychologists of chilhood amnesia or amnesia that all children have is determined mainly becuase of their background. It is caused mainly becuase of their background meaning that they learn more about their memor y from earlier stages due to their culture. Culture plays a huge role becuause it determinses the way in which parent behave towards their children whether it is in a personal way or not. The eventuality of us remembering an event is due to the way in which our parents and children talk about what happened and the ways in which children encode the information. This ties up to culture because in Asia parents have low talkative way with their children than the Americans and then the Maori which is highly based on culture then have a high talkative thing with their children causing cultural differences in the way that we have learned what happened to us during the child amnesia state in our bodies.
domingo, 24 de octubre de 2010
article 1
Article #1
New Understanding of how we remember traumatic events,
Dr. Louise Fabler and colleagues have had a high impact in the research of memory and our brain. In a research they conducted they discovered how the amygdala a part in our brain stores all our high emotions, causing there research to be very substantial in discoveries due to the fact that they found out that noradrenaline the adrenaline that creates the storage of memory in our brain. I believe this experiment is very important due to the fact that too me the fact that we understand how our brains work so highly, believe we have a chance of helping someone forget or recall previous stimuli.
Article #2
Discoveres started to question our long term memory. But then researchers discovered that our visual memory lasts only four seconds. And that after that the memories start to slowly fade away/. Dr. Weiwi Zhang and Dr. Luck tried to test memory accuracy, they gave their test to 12 adults. The first test they were shown a color for ten seconds then they were shon a color wheel which was colorles and was highlighted in one of the squares, and then they had to recall the color of the beggining of that square. They repeated it for 150 times. this determined the accuracy of each persons memory. Then they conducted a second test which consisted of shpaes instead of colors. They came to the conclusion that people or have the memory or they dont. This helps in life because we are able to see that we should never ask for help or base on conclusion due to memory since memory is so malleable and can be easily influenced.
sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04
Article #3
Authors Stefano Puntoni, Bart de Langche and Stijn were researching trilingual languages and the effect that messages like slogan always tend to have a larger impact if they are in our mother language. This is due to the effect that our language has since it reminds us of memories and past experiences. They also found out that our mother language has a huge impact on us especially on women. This is important in our lives due to the fact that public relations are highly important and knowing that mother language has a higher impact then many will use that language. This also has an impact because the way that people perceive messages is different than a person from another country.
martes, 19 de octubre de 2010
Questionaire
1. Explain the concept of sensory memory.
Sensory memory retains the brief impression of a sensory stimulus after the stimulus itself has ended
2. Give an example of sensory memory.
when we have recently viewed an object like turning our heads and focusing on other things the moment right after we have turned our heads we still have a bit of memory towards what we saw.
3. What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
sensory memory is short; visual information, for example, fades away in less than a second.
4. Describe the concept of short-term memory.Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, often stored as sounds, especially in recalling words, but may be stored as images.
5. What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
The magic number basically is the fact that humans don’t really learn ten phone digits, we actually group them into groups of two or three and then this is the way that we learn it.
6. What is chunking?
chunking relates to the +2 -2 theory that humans “Chunk” the information to be able to store it in our brains.
7. What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
The ideal size of the “chunks” is a group of 2 when you have to learn about 7 digits.
8. Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
o I believe that there is both the use of iconic memory when we are able to hold visual images and there is also the acoustic memory when have the ability to hold sounds.
9. Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory.
The Capacity of the long-term memory is unknown, but it is incredible because it is said that the brain can be more powerful than any computer. It is impossible to measure it and it may be limitless. Information is thought to be stored permanently. It is now thought possible that some memories may be genetically inherited and last longer than a lifetime.
10. Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
In 1968 Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a model of human memory which had two different memory stores: the short-term memory, and long-term memory, afterwards sensory memory was added.
11. Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
its way too lineal, does not give much emphasis on unconssious projects and (negative reference point)
12.Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
levels of processing relates to the way in which stimuli is stored in our brain going from highest to lowest.
13. What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Maintenance Rehearsal is the process in which one repeats verbally or thinks about a piece of information. An example would be when you are given a phone number, pin or code and you repeat the stimuli, this is only helpful for short term memory.
14. What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Elaborative rehearsal involves deep processing of a to-be-remembered item resulting in the production of durable memories. An example would be when we try to group a phone number to store it in the long term
15. Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Craik and Lockhart in 1972 developed the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehersal, this was the result of a criticism at another model.
Sensory memory retains the brief impression of a sensory stimulus after the stimulus itself has ended
2. Give an example of sensory memory.
when we have recently viewed an object like turning our heads and focusing on other things the moment right after we have turned our heads we still have a bit of memory towards what we saw.
3. What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
sensory memory is short; visual information, for example, fades away in less than a second.
4. Describe the concept of short-term memory.Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, often stored as sounds, especially in recalling words, but may be stored as images.
5. What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
The magic number basically is the fact that humans don’t really learn ten phone digits, we actually group them into groups of two or three and then this is the way that we learn it.
6. What is chunking?
chunking relates to the +2 -2 theory that humans “Chunk” the information to be able to store it in our brains.
7. What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
The ideal size of the “chunks” is a group of 2 when you have to learn about 7 digits.
8. Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
o I believe that there is both the use of iconic memory when we are able to hold visual images and there is also the acoustic memory when have the ability to hold sounds.
9. Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory.
The Capacity of the long-term memory is unknown, but it is incredible because it is said that the brain can be more powerful than any computer. It is impossible to measure it and it may be limitless. Information is thought to be stored permanently. It is now thought possible that some memories may be genetically inherited and last longer than a lifetime.
10. Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
In 1968 Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a model of human memory which had two different memory stores: the short-term memory, and long-term memory, afterwards sensory memory was added.
11. Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
its way too lineal, does not give much emphasis on unconssious projects and (negative reference point)
12.Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
levels of processing relates to the way in which stimuli is stored in our brain going from highest to lowest.
13. What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Maintenance Rehearsal is the process in which one repeats verbally or thinks about a piece of information. An example would be when you are given a phone number, pin or code and you repeat the stimuli, this is only helpful for short term memory.
14. What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Elaborative rehearsal involves deep processing of a to-be-remembered item resulting in the production of durable memories. An example would be when we try to group a phone number to store it in the long term
15. Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Craik and Lockhart in 1972 developed the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehersal, this was the result of a criticism at another model.
miércoles, 13 de octubre de 2010
video response
Memory, I never knew how it really affected us. Trully this video has taught me the various disease that one can get from memory loss. Like Amnesia, we were given an example of a man who had amnesia it was trully sad to see him not remembering what he was going to and even his children ,another example we were given was one of a woman who had memory disorder due to the stress of an event. We got to see how eventually she started to remember and she said that gaining memory was horrible due to the fact that she was getting these emotions that were horrible. She was later put on a pill that blocks memory to conduct an experiment. In the video besides seeing the effects on memory i also learned that through the years people loose memory, they very slowly start to forget tiny details. But from our birth to about our twenties we are at our highest memory point and it is until we reach the age of forty that we begin to loose memory.
jueves, 9 de septiembre de 2010
STroOP EFFECT
Stroop Effect
A famous experiment called Stroop effect after J. Ridley Stroop who discovered the strange phenomena of the stroop effect in 1930's. This effect is a demonstration of interference, ones brain has to sort out the information being procesed. A psychologic test of our mental vitality and flexibility. This experiment is a clear example of the brain trying to focus and interpret at the same time. It relates to the cognitive process. It is also an original experiment that demonstrates the process of the brain. The cognitive mechanism used in this task is called directed attention. You have to manage your attention or control your response to answer corectly.
STEPS: a great example is the word PURPLE in this experiment the word purple would be in RED ink causing great confusion to the brain. causig your brain to delay in the process of analyzing due to the fact that it is confused.
Results:
Prove that our brain due to confussion taks more time to analyze. And that the naing of colors is more difficult than reading them. Creating the selective attention theory. Also proving to us that when one is learning a language or learning to read people have no problem stating the name of the colors. But that once you have learned how to read you get confused due to interference.
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