Questionaire

1. Explain the concept of sensory memory.
Sensory memory retains the brief impression of a sensory stimulus after the stimulus itself has ended

2. Give an example of sensory memory.
when we have recently viewed an object like turning our heads and focusing on other things the moment right after we have turned our heads we still have a bit of memory towards what we saw.

3. What is the capacity of our sensory memory?
sensory memory is short; visual information, for example, fades away in less than a second.

4. Describe the concept of short-term memory.Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, often stored as sounds, especially in recalling words, but may be stored as images.

5. What is the "magic number" as it relates to short-term memory and who conducted the experiment which established this measurement?
The magic number basically is the fact that humans don’t really learn ten phone digits, we actually group them into groups of two or three and then this is the way that we learn it.

6. What is chunking?
chunking relates to the +2 -2 theory that humans “Chunk” the information to be able to store it in our brains.

7. What has been determined to be the ideal size of "chunks" for both letters and numbers?
The ideal size of the “chunks” is a group of 2 when you have to learn about 7 digits.

8. Which mode of encoding does short-term memory mostly rely on, acoustic or visual?
o I believe that there is both the use of iconic memory when we are able to hold visual images and there is also the acoustic memory when have the ability to hold sounds.

9. Explain the duration and capacity of long-term memory.
The Capacity of the long-term memory is unknown, but it is incredible because it is said that the brain can be more powerful than any computer. It is impossible to measure it and it may be limitless. Information is thought to be stored permanently. It is now thought possible that some memories may be genetically inherited and last longer than a lifetime.

10. Explain in detail the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
In 1968 Atkinson and Shiffrin proposed a model of human memory which had two different memory stores: the short-term memory, and long-term memory, afterwards sensory memory was added.

11. Identify three criticisms or limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of memory.
its way too lineal, does not give much emphasis on unconssious projects and (negative reference point)

12.Explain the Levels of Processing Model of memory.
levels of processing relates to the way in which stimuli is stored in our brain going from highest to lowest.

13. What is maintenance rehearsal - give an example.
Maintenance Rehearsal is the process in which one repeats verbally or thinks about a piece of information. An example would be when you are given a phone number, pin or code and you repeat the stimuli, this is only helpful for short term memory.

14. What is elaborative rehearsal - give an example.
Elaborative rehearsal involves deep processing of a to-be-remembered item resulting in the production of durable memories. An example would be when we try to group a phone number to store it in the long term

15. Who developed the Levels of Processing Model and the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehearsal?
Craik and Lockhart in 1972 developed the concepts of maintenance and elaborative rehersal, this was the result of a criticism at another model.